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室内场景视觉定位的特征强化优化方法

Feature Enhancement Method for Indoor Visual Localization

  • 摘要: 自主定位是机器人领域的关键核心技术。视觉定位则是近年来备受关注的主流定位方法,能够有效地克服室内环境下GPS、蓝牙及Wi-Fi信号易受干扰、稳定性差所引发的定位难题。针对传统视觉定位方法中特征描述子位置表征能力不足、特征点坐标精度偏低等问题,提出室内场景视觉定位的特征强化优化方法。首先利用可学习傅里叶特征对特征点坐标进行位置编码,并将位置编码与原始特征描述子深度融合,以增强特征描述子的空间位置表征能力;然后,对单幅输入图像进行随机投影变换,利用投影前后的图像构建具有几何对应关系的特征匹配点对;最后,提取匹配特征点的局部邻域信息,通过卷积网络预测特征点的坐标偏移量,实现单幅图像中特征点坐标的亚像素级精化。在3个数据集HPatches、InLoc和Wanda上的实验结果表明,在未显著增加计算量的前提下,所提方法有效提升了特征提取算法的精度与匹配准确率,显著改善了视觉定位算法的定位性能。

     

    Abstract: Autonomous localization is a key technology in robotics. Visual localization has become a widely adopted localization approach in recent years, as it can effectively alleviate the limitations of GPS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi in indoor environments, where these signals are susceptible to interference and instability. To address the insufficient positional representation of feature descriptors and the limited coordinate accuracy of keypoints in conventional visual localization methods, a feature enhancement module for indoor visual lo-calization is proposed. First, learnable Fourier features are employed to encode keypoint coordinates, and the resulting positional encodings are deeply fused with the original feature descriptors to enhance their spatial representation capability; second, random projective transformations are applied to a single input image, and geometrically corresponding feature matches are constructed between the original and trans-formed images; Finally, local neighborhood information around the matched keypoints is extracted, and a convolutional neural network is used to predict coordinate offsets, thereby achieving subpixel refinement of keypoint coordinates from a single image. Experimental results on the HPatches, InLoc, and Wanda da-tasets demonstrate that the proposed module improves the accuracy and matching performance of feature extraction methods without significantly increasing computational cost, thereby substantially improving the localization performance of visual localization methods.

     

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